As with hawks and owls, falcons exhibit sexual dimorphism, with the females typically larger than the males, thus allowing a wider range of prey species. The smallest falcon species is the Pygmy falcon which measures just 20 cm. The largest falcon is the gyrfalcon at up to 65 cm in length. All these birds kill with their beaks, using a tomial "tooth" on the side of their beaks-unlike the hawks, eagles, and other birds of prey in the Accipitridae, which use their feet. The falcons are the largest genus in the Falconinae subfamily of Falconidae, which itself also includes another subfamily comprising caracaras and a few other species. This makes flying easier while learning the exceptional skills required to be effective hunters as adults. Fledgling falcons, in their first year of flying, have longer flight feathers, which make their configuration more like that of a general-purpose bird such as a broad wing. Īdult falcons have thin, tapered wings, which enable them to fly at high speed and change direction rapidly. Falcons are widely distributed on all continents of the world except Antarctica, though closely related raptors did occur there in the Eocene. Sushkinia Tugarinov, 1935 ( non Martynov 1930: preoccupied) – see belowįalcons ( / ˈ f ɒ l k ən, ˈ f ɔː l-, ˈ f æ l-/) are birds of prey in the genus Falco, which includes about 40 species.Asturaetus De Vis, 1906 (non Asturaetos Brehm 1855: preoccupied).Nesihierax Dubois, 1902 (unjustified emendation).Gennadas Heine & Reichenow, 1890 (unjustified emendation).Harpa Sharpe, 1874 ( non Pallas 1774: preoccupied).Genaïe Heuglin, 1867 (unjustified emendation).Harpe Bonaparte, 1855 ( non Lacepède 1802 : preoccupied).Jerafalco Kaup, 1850 (unjustified emendation).
Hieracidea Strickland, 1841 (unjustified emendation).
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